电压降法在水平定向钻穿越管道外涂层评价中的应用研究

介绍了电流-电位法、电流密度法在水平定向钻穿越管道外涂层评价中的应用,联合电压降法计算管内电流值,并结合实际案例对穿越管道两端连头之后外涂层性能进行评价。     

Influence of applied voltage and conductive material in DIET promotion for methane generation

The utilization of biological-, electrode- and conductive material-mediated direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between exoelectrogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea for enhancing methane productivity is widely reported in the literature. However, two cardinal questions are still controversial, i.e., which applied voltage value would be more recommended to enhance methane generation? and how the DIET over IIET has the upper hand in enhancing methane productivity? Herein, the influence of different applied voltages to promote biological-, conductive- and electrode-mediated DIET was investigated in MEC-AD reactors with conductive material. Polarized bioelectrodes induced electrode-mediated DIET (eDIET) and biological DIET (bDIET), in addition to cDIET (conductive material-mediated DIET), improved the methane yield to 315.40 mL/g COD_r with an applied voltage of 0.9 V. Whereas further increase of applied voltage 1.2 V, lessened methane production efficiency due to high-voltage inhibition and adverse effect on DIET promotion. The anaerobic digestion coupled microbial electrolysis cells with optimal electric potential selectively promotes the DIET through polarized electrodes were confirmed through microbial analysis. As the contribution of DIET increased to 80%, the methane yield increased, and the substrate residue decreased, resulting in a significant improvement in methane production.     

Reversible Flat to Rippling Phase Transition in Fe Containing Layered Battery Electrode Materials

Layered sodium transition metal oxides of NaTMO₂ (TM = 3d transition metal) show unique capability to mix different compositions of Fe to the TM layer, a phenomenon that does not exist in LiTMO₂. Here, a novel spontaneous TM layer rippling in the sodium ion battery cathode materials is reported, revealed by in situ X‐ray diffraction, Cs‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, and density functional theory simulation, where the softening and distortion of FeO₆ octahedra collectively drives the flat TM planes into rippled ones with inhomogeneous interlayer distance at high voltage. In such a rippling phase, charge and discharge of Na ions take different evolution pathways, resulting in an unusual hysteresis voltage loop. Importantly, upon discharge beyond a certain Na composition, the rippling TM layer will go back to flat, giving the reversibility of such structural evolution in the following cycles.     

金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管中总剂量效应导致的阈值电压漂移研究现状

为了研发可用于核与辐射应急响应与准备的机器人,对比了多种具有不同结构和生产工艺的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)由于总剂量效应(TID)导致的阈值电压漂移(ΔV_th)。注意到了栅宽和栅长对器件耐辐射能力的影响在体CMOS器件和纳米线(NW)MOSFET器件之间、高的和低的工艺节点之间的不同,并从辐射诱导的窄通道效应(RINCE)和辐射诱导的短通道效应(RISCE)两方面解释了这种区别的原因。发现近年来前沿的一些研究在考虑辐射效应时,修正了负偏压不稳定性(NBTI)的影响。并讨论了几种新型器件包括锗沟道、氮化镓沟道管和具有特殊几何布局的晶体管。此外,介绍了计算机辅助设计技术(TCAD)在几种新型场效应管的机理研究和建模验证中的应用。     

分散式风电多点接入协调优化控制策略

针对分散式风电机组并网导致的配电网网损增加、电压稳定性降低等问题,文章提出一种分散式风电并网多点协调双层控制策略。首先,分析了分散式风电多点接入特性,研究分散式风电多点接入后的网损、电压分布和功率因数的关系,并提出最小网损和电压偏差为目标的双层优化控制策略。最后,基于IEEE-33节点进行仿真计算,结果表明,所提多点协调控制策略能够有效降低配电网网损和提升母线电压水平,增加系统的稳定性。与超前功率因数相比,滞后的功率因数能够增大风能消纳能力,提高供电可靠性,减少电压偏移水平。     

Three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter based on the SOGI filter and Lyapunov function for DC bus control

The three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter (SAPF) was developed to suppress the harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads, and for the compensation of unbalanced nonlinear load currents, reactive power, and the harmonic neutral current. In this work, we consider instantaneous reactive power theory (PQ theory) for reference current identification based on the following two algorithms: the classic low-pass filter (LPF) and the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter. Furthermore, since an important process in SAPF control is the regulation of the DC bus voltage at the capacitor, a new controller based on the Lyapunov function is also proposed. A complete simulation of the resultant active filtering system confirms its validity, which uses the SOGI filter to extract the reference currents from the distorted line currents, compared with the traditional PQ theory based on LPF. In addition, the simulation performed also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach, for DC bus voltage control based on the Lyapunov function, compared with the traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Both novel approaches contribute towards an improvement in the overall performance of the system, which consists of a small rise and settling time, a very low or nonexistent overshoot, and the minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD).     

阳极导电材料对铁钨锡合金粉电解铁的影响

研究阳极导电材料碳素钢、316L不锈钢、铅钙合金、石墨、钛涂钌板、钛板和铜板在硫酸盐和氯盐体系中对铁钨锡合金粉电解铁的影响。结果表明:电解24 h,上述阳极导电材料在氯盐中的阴极电流效率为90%、90%、66%、66%、54%、49%、33%,在硫酸盐中的阴极电流效率为90%、87%、82%、81%、73%、68%、54%。槽电压均逐渐升高,在氯盐体系中,石墨、铅钙合金、钛涂钌板和钛板作阳极导电材料时,电解液pH逐渐降低;碳素钢、316L不锈钢和铜板作阳极导电材料时,电解液pH逐渐升高。在硫酸盐体系中,铜板和碳素钢作阳极导电材料时,电解液pH基本不变;316L不锈钢作阳极导电材料时,pH逐渐升高;铅钙合金、石墨和钛板作阳极导电材料时,pH先升高后降低。基于槽电压、阴极电流效率,选择适宜的电解体系为硫酸盐体系,该体系中适宜的阳极导电材料为铅钙合金。     

Maximum power point tracking supported proton exchange membrane fuel cell based intelligent dynamic voltage restorer

In modern era, electrical power utilities are more concerned about power quality. In this endeavour, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) provides adequate support to the system. Accordingly, the present work illustrates intelligent hybrid control mechanism for DVR. Artificial neural network (ANN) is incorporated to obtain real-time optimal gains under distinct voltage situations. Closed loop type 2 fuzzy logic (CLT2-FL) is also realized in order to assist the ANN supported unit concomitantly. In order to enhance the potential of the present DVR, a CLT2-FL controlled maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based proton exchange membrane fuel cell arrangement is also explored in the present study. CLT2-FL module is adopted in DC-DC converter topology to provide simultaneous supply to the loads at different and regulated voltage levels. Consequently, the results are evaluated and compared to the state-of-the-arts which unveil the efficacy of the implemented controller against the oddity seen in the voltage waveform, thereby, exhibiting better voltage regulation and less harmonics. The effectiveness of the implemented MPPT unit from the viewpoints of convergence speed and oscillations is also established.     

Effects of electrical parameters and their interactions on plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on aluminum substrates

Based on orthogonal experiments, the effects of voltage, frequency, duty ratio and their interactions on the thickness and corrosion resistance of coatings prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on aluminum in an alkaline silicate-containing electrolyte were investigated. The thicknesses of these coatings were obtained by measuring their cross-section using Image J software. Their corrosion resistances were evaluated in HCl and NaCl media through spot test and electrochemical test. The results show that the experimental design of this study is the key to investigate the interactions among these electrical parameters. Additionally, not only each independent factor, but also their interactions exhibit a remarkable influence on the coatings. The combination of high voltage, low frequency and large duty ratio significantly increases the coating thickness and content of the corrosion resistance phase, and thus improves the corrosion resistance of the coating in HNO₃ medium. Conversely, the coating possessing the densest microstructure and best corrosion resistance in NaCl medium is obtained when low voltage and high frequency match with a small duty ratio.